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San Luis Potosí enjoys a strategic location that makes it an important hub for trade and logistics in Mexico. As the 15th largest state by territorial size, it occupies 3.22% of the country's total land area with an expanse of 61,138 square kilometers. It consists of 58 municipalities, with the city of San Luis Potosí as its capital.
To the south, it borders Guanajuato, Querétaro, and Hidalgo, while to the north, it shares borders with Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas. To the east, it borders Veracruz, and to the west, it neighbors Zacatecas and Jalisco. San Luis Potosí benefits from its central geographic position, which provides access to land and air transportation routes, allowing for efficient movement of people and goods.
| USA Main Cities | km | miles |
|---|---|---|
| Aguascalientes, Ags. | 165 | 103 |
| Altamira, Tam. | 454 | 282 |
| Cd. Juarez, Chih. | 1,386 | 861 |
| Cd. Victoria, Tam. | 333 | 207 |
| Chuihuahua, Chih. | 1,019 | 633 |
| Guanajuato, Gto. | 193 | 120 |
| Mexico City | 419 | 260 |
| Monterrey, NL | 514 | 319 |
| Querétaro, Qro. | 212 | 132 |
| Reynosa, Tam | 657 | 408 |
| Saltillo, Coah. | 446 | 277 |
| Tijuana, B.C.N. | 2,518 | 1,565 |
Source: INEGI/PROMEXICO
| USA Main Cities | km | miles |
|---|---|---|
| Atlanta, GA. | 2,484 | 1,544 |
| Chicago, IL. | 2,972 | 1,847 |
| Cleveland, OH. | 3,319 | 2,062 |
| Dallas, TX. | 1,417 | 881 |
| Detroit, MI. | 3,324 | 2,066 |
| Houston, TX. | 1,211 | 752 |
| Los Angeles, CA. | 2,626 | 1,632 |
| New York, NY. | 3,832 | 2,381 |
| Saint Louis, MO. | 2,430 | 1,510 |
| San Antonio, TX. | 978 | 608 |
| San Francisco, CA. | 3,240 | 2,013 |
| Seattle, WA. | 4,124 | 2,563 |
Source: INEGI/PROMEXICO
San Luis Potosí, with a total population of 2,822,255 inhabitants, exhibits a notable gender balance: 51.4% of its inhabitants are women, while 48.6% are men. This demographic equilibrium contributes to the state's stability and socioeconomic development.
The most populous municipalities in San Luis Potosí are San Luis Potosí, the state capital, with 911,908 inhabitants; Soledad de Graciano Sánchez, with 332,072 inhabitants; and Ciudad Valles, with 179,371 inhabitants. These municipalities play a crucial role in the local economy as centers of commercial, industrial, and cultural activity.
San Luis Potosí stands out for its diverse and vibrant population, particularly in these most populous municipalities. The concentration of the population in these areas facilitates the provision of services and the creation of job opportunities, which in turn drives the state's economic growth and development.
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The prevailing climate is dry and semi-dry, as it covers 71% of the state's surface area located in the region known as “El Salado”. The remaining 15% is represented by a warm sub-humid climate, located in the eastern part of the Sierra Madre Oriental.
The 10% is a warm humid climate, which is found towards the Gulf Coastal Plain. A very dry climate accounts for 2.5% and is in the “Mesa del Centro”, while a temperate sub-humid climate represents 1.5% and is in the plains between the mountain ranges.
There is also a small percentage, 0.2%, of a humid temperate climate found in the southeastern part of the state.
The average annual temperature of the state is 21°C, with an average minimum temperature of 8.4°C in January, and an average maximum temperature of around 32°C in May.
Rainfall occurs during the summer months from June to September, with an average annual precipitation of approximately 950 mm.
The state of San Luis Potosí presents a wide variety of soil types due to its geographical diversity:
Volcanic Soils: Various parts of the state, especially in the mountainous region, have volcanic-origin soils. These soils are rich in nutrients and minerals due to the decomposition of volcanic material. They are suitable for agriculture and tend to be fertile.
Alluvial Soils: Along rivers and areas near bodies of water, alluvial soils are found. These soils are formed from sediment deposited by water action. They are generally fertile and suitable for agriculture.
Calcareous Soils: In some areas of the state, particularly in the north and northwest, calcareous soils are found. These soils are formed from limestone rocks and contain high levels of calcium. They may be less fertile and require specific management practices for agriculture.
Clayey Soils: Clayey soils are found in several areas of San Luis Potosí. These soils contain a high proportion of clay particles, which make them retain water and nutrients. They can be productive for agriculture but may also be prone to compaction and waterlogging.
Sandy Soils: Some areas of the state exhibit sandy soils, especially in desert and semi-arid zones. These soils have a granular texture and allow for rapid water drainage. They may require increased water and fertilizer application for agriculture.
Source: INEGI.
